Differences Between Gender And Gender - 845 Words

exuality and Gender Generally, we think there are two sexes and two genders: male and female. Many sociologists have based their theories of sex and gender on this binary system. From birth we are taught to act either like a lady or like a man, there is no in between. We believe gender is shaped by biology, that it is a doing, and it originates from our cultures yet, gender nonconforming people may challenge these theories. First, although we believe there are only two sexes, there are actually five (Fausto-Sterling, 1993). There are hermaphrodites who have one testes and one ovary, merms that have male genitalia and some ovaries, ferms that have ovaries and some male genitalia, and then man and woman (Fausto-Sterling, 1993). Also, one in every four births are intersex (Fausto-Sterling, 1993). We want these gender nonconforming people to be â€Å"fixed† surgically because they no longer fit into our social norms, and threaten what we think to be true about gender, however they are more common than many think (Fausto-Sterling, 1993). We try to explain gender differences by biology. Many people and sociologists believe in the idea of biology as destiny (Kimmel, 2012). We use the idea of being biologically male or female in order to explain why we are more prone to act or look one way or another (Kimmel, 2012). Women are smaller and more petite and are supposed to have more emotions, while men are thought to be biologically taller and better at things like math (Kimmel, 2012).Show MoreRelatedGender Differences Between Gender And Sex1334 Words   |  6 Pagesmany people are constantly categorized to be confused about what their whole life and purpose is, because they cannot be placed in one of the two socially accepted gender categories- male or female. This idea or â€Å"disorder†(Medical Dictionary) is commonly known as being transgender. I do not think that there are only two categories for gender; I believe that there are people who are not considered to be only male or female, but both. Due to differen t religions, influences, social structures, and expectationsRead MoreGender Differences Between Sexuality And Gender888 Words   |  4 PagesIn sociology, we make a general distinction between sexuality and gender. Sex is the biological trait that we use to determine whether or not a person is a male or a female, whether it be through chromosomes, genitalia, or some other kind of visual physical description. When society talks about the obvious differences between men and women, they are often drawing on sex rather than gender, which is now an understanding of how society helps to shape our new understanding of these biological categoriesRead MoreGender Differences Between Sex And Gender911 Words   |  4 Pages Now in our generation there has been great controversy about what gender you are and what kind of love you believe in. One thing many people fail to realize is that your gender and your designated sex are two completely different things. Not only is there that divide bet ween sex and gender but there is pre-determined rules that everyone is expected to follow that is connected to their specific gender. Because gender is an ever-changing thing for some there needs to be the support for those wishingRead MoreGender Differences Between Gender And Gpa Essay967 Words   |  4 Pages Male and Female participants were analyzed to provide insight on gender differences. For the comparison between gender and GPA (T-test #2) using a t-value of (t=.056). This analysis concluded that female subjects had a GPA of (3.371 ∓ .329, n=115) versus males who had a GPA of (3.375 ∓ .373, n=30)(p=.9556)(Fig. _____/ table____). Sleep hours were then investigated to illuminate the impact it has on GPA. ANOVA (A-test #1) results indicated that subjects that got 0-4 hours of sleep had a GPA of (3Read MoreDifferences Between Gender And Gender Inequality998 Words   |  4 Pagesidea was to have ideas about gender coming from not only different countries, but different continents. Based on what I read in the textbook, and what we have discussed in class, gender is the idea that different societies create about feminism and masculinity based on the performance from both sexes. The problem of gender inequality is not recent, but something that many societies have been trying to fix for a long time. As soon I asked about their experience with gender, they all answered the sameRead MoreDifferences Between Sex And Gender871 Words   |  4 PagesWith sex and gender being such a predominate factor in determining our position in society, it is difficult to hinder ourselves from distinguishing certain characteristics an d attributes to be masculine (male) or feminine(female). Is is paramount to distinguish the differences between sex and gender. Sex is determined by our hormones and anatomy while gender is the social meanings, behaviors, and expectations attached to a given sex by society (Logg, Lecture Notes, Fall 2015). Generally speakingRead MoreDifference Between Sex and Gender1127 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, the in depth differences between sex and gender has grown to be one that is discussed extensively by psychologists and sociologists too. Sex in itself is a more scientific term that explains the innate physical attributes of an individual. On the other hand gender carries a more social tone. Meaning, that it refers to the different clothing, activities, career choices, and positions people hold in society. This essay aims to highlight some of the key differential aspects between these two concepts;Read MoreDifference Between Sex and Gender1134 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, the in dept h differences between sex and gender has grown to be one that is discussed extensively by psychologists and sociologists too. Sex in itself is a more scientific term that explains the innate physical attributes of an individual. On the other hand gender carries a more social tone. Meaning, that it refers to the different clothing, activities, career choices, and positions people hold in society. This essay aims to highlight some of the key differential aspects between these two concepts;Read MoreDifferences Between Sex And Gender Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesThere are distinct differences between Sex and Gender. Sex is divided up into two divisions, male or female, based upon their reproductive system. Gender is the notion set by society on what social behaviours are acceptable for males and females, for example the expectation that females are more caring or nurturing than men. Gender can be further divided into two subcategorise: identity and stereotype. Gender identity is the concept that your sex and gender do not have to be the same but can differentRead MoreDifferences Between Genders And Communication Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pages When you think of gender differences you probably automatically consider anatomical and biological differences. Perhaps you contemplate about differences in appearance or maybe occupation. Gender differences are relevant in politics, the workplace, domestic commitments, etc. One large gender difference that appears to be prevalent is that of communication. I believe that gender communication holds many advantages and disadvantages within discussions as well as in distinctive settings. When looking

Challenges with Freedom of Speech - 1008 Words

Freedom of Speech and Information: Challenges with Freedom of Speech: The right to freedom of speech was adopted following the long history of suppression of ideas that were considered harmful by people. These suppressions also threatened democracy since they presented numerous difficulties for people to debate essential issues like war and peace. Consequently, a free speech movement emerged that eventually led to the protection of the right for people to express all ideas or the freedom of speech. Notably the right to freedom of speech has few slight exceptions though it was adopted to enable people to freely express ideas. While its one of the most appreciated rights, freedom of speech has continued to face several challenges in the recent past. Some of the major challenges to freedom of speech include new technological and social issues or concerns, the Internet, and government legislations such as the Patriot Act. Additionally, the other challenge with this concept is the need to limit its extreme forms such as hate speech in order to protect other human rights (Freedom of Expression, n.d.). The need to limit technologies that provide unprecedented opportunities for freedom of speech is other challenge. This challenge arises because authorities need to restrict the spread of illegal content and harmful information. Challenges with Freedom of Information: Even though there are remarkable efforts towards the adoption of freedom of information laws across theShow MoreRelatedSpeech Is The Right Of Freedom Of Speech1560 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Washington once said If freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter. This mentality still holds true in the United States today where the freedom of speech is held as one of the greatest rights Americans possess. However, to fully understand the first Amendment right of freedom of speech it is paramount to understand what it entails, its limitations, and how it has evolved over time. The first question that must be answered is what isRead MoreAnalysis Of Freedom From Slavery By Frederick Douglass715 Words   |  3 Pagesjoy and gratitude of his freedom from slavery, but he goes on to write of the challenges that freedom brought him as well. Upon his freedom from slavery, Douglass was joyous—he had removed himself from the dehumanizing environment that slavery had created for him. However, Douglass quickly realized that freedom and the â€Å"real world† included challenges that he had yet to expect. Douglass’s linguistic style contributes to his expression of his complex feelings towards freedom from slavery. DouglassRead MoreThe Confederate Flag : A Harmful Form Of Free Speech964 Words   |  4 Pagesvery legitimately be seen as a harmful form of free speech. However in present day, the confederate flag, for the most part does not carry the same meaning or same threat. Many people, who express themselves through the confederate flag as a symbol, do so as a form of showing southern pride or southern heritage. The current symbol of the confederate flag does not display the same form of harm as it did in history. The current flag does not physically harm anyone nor does it present a credible threatRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States883 Words   |  4 Pagesamendment guarantee citizens crucial freedoms, which are freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of press, freedom of assembly and freedom of petition. The First Amendment is very powerful and has the ability to protect us but sometime even harm us (for example some of the lawsuits against First Amendment). American citizens have certain rights to be proud that they are Americans. One of this rights is the freedom of speech. The freedom of speech is not only spoken words it s muchRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1321 Words   |  6 Pagesincredibly difficult and unjust to promote a system to which state authority prevents speech that they find offensive. It is nearly impossible and impractical for a state entity to understand what can and can’t be considered offensive, and what is offensive to some and not to others. That is why the harm principle is a great principle to understand the limits of how far free speech should and can go. Free speech should be protected and promoted so long as it does not create credible harm to anotherRead MoreFreedom of Expression Is Vital to a Free Society Essay example1125 Words   |  5 Pagesthereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition th e Government for a redress of grievances.† Does this mean that freedom of speech cannot be prohibited in any way? Are there any reasonable arguments for limiting speech? In this paper, these questions will be examined along with a discussion of where the basic right of free speech originated. Today, society or government can attempt to regulate speech, but it cannot preventRead MoreAmerica s Constitution Was Built Upon The Fundamentals That All Citizens1065 Words   |  5 Pagesintolerance needs to stop. Additionally, they believe that citizens should become more accepting of others and willing to converse despite their differences. Bloomberg wrote in his commencement speech at Harvard’s graduation for the class of 2014 that, citizens of the U.S. should protect their freedom of speech and also to tolerate the beliefs of others. Likewise Kaminer argued in her essay A Civic Duty to Annoy published in â€Å"The Atlantic† that citizens have a responsibility to ente r thought provokingRead MoreMccutcheon V. Fec Case1279 Words   |  6 Pagesit is unconstitutional to limit an individual’s donations to as many parties as they want because in doing so their freedom of speech is being violated. The plaintiff is Shaun McCutcheon who is part of the Jefferson County Republic Party Steering Committee as well as the Reagan Foundation. The Republican National Committee was also a plaintiff. This case is a constitutional challenge to aggregate limits on contributions to federal candidates and to political committees such as PACs and parties. TheseRead MoreFreedom Of Speech Over The Internet1123 Words   |  5 Pagesexpress their opinions on different issues within the society. The internet has been considered as a tool that people use in promoting their freedom of expression. However, there have been questions on the extent to which people can exercise their freedom of speech over the internet. This paper describes the legal issues surrounding t he freedom of speech over the internet. The internet has created a platform where people can freely express their opinions on different issues within the society.Read MorePresident Richard Nixon s Speech850 Words   |  4 Pages Persuasion I strongly believe that Nixon s speech should be included in the argument chapter of the next edition of 40 model essay. On November 3, 1969, President Richard Nixon gave a televised address to the nation on his Vietnam War policy called â€Å"Vietnamization†. The speech, which Richard Nixon wrote himself, was given in response to a protest against the Vietnam War in cities across the nation. During his successful campaign for the presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon

Person Centred Framework in Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Person Centred Framework in Nursing. Answer: Introduction Personal centered frameworks in nursing have been considered as one of the most convenient approaches in providing care in both hospitals and outside hospital settings (Disch, 2012). It includes how nurses and other healthcare professionals involve patients as equal partners in developing, planning and monitoring care to ensure patients needs are met (Basch, 2016). This highly consists putting patients and their families in the centered of decision making giving them and their opinions in their care high priority, seeing them as experts of their own life and working alongside other healthcare workers so as to get the maximum possible best outcomes (Disch, 2012). This does not just involve giving people whatever they need or providing health information, but also it involves considering people's values, culture, desires, lifestyles, social circumstances and religion (Greene, 2012). This means that a patient is seen as individual with capabilities of working together with nurses to develop and plan appropriate solutions in healthcare delivery (Disch, 2012). Therefore, it can only be demonstrated by sharing ideas with the patients and helping them manage their health. Since personal centered care is not just about environment and health activities, nurses and patients have to use intellectual thinking about care, nurse to the patient relationship and the actual services available (Basch, 2016). This study tend to demonstrate various aspects of personal centered framework including components of personal centered framework, reasons why it is important in healthcare, its application in infection control, how it has been used to enhance hand hygie ne and its relation with practice development principles and CIP(Collaborative, Inclusive, and Participatory) Person Centered Framework as used in Nursing Care Making the patients involve in health care particularly in their health cases has proven to be a key component of developing high-quality healthcare (Greene, 2012). According to health innovation network in 2015, personal centered care help the individual to get the care they need whenever they want, to be more active in taking care of their health and to improve the quality of services available (Greene, 2012). Other than that, the personally centered care has also shown and helps to minimize some of the possible pressures in social services and health care (Greene, 2012). In addition to that, a personal centered framework usually improves the experience people have in health care, leads to more healthy lifestyles, improves nurse and patients decision-making skills, lead to better health outcomes and improves professionalism and service of care (Greene, 2012). The person-centered nursing framework consists of four major components (McCarthy et al., 2012). These include prerequisites that majorly deal with the nurses attributes, the care environment which consist the context in which delivery of care happens, personal centered process that include delivering of care using a range of activities and the expected outcomes which are the end results of a good personal centered care (McCarthy et al., 2012). The prerequisites involve the attributes of the nurse which includes the development of interpersonal skills, being professionally competent, having a commitment to work, being able to show that she or he acknowledge patients beliefs and values and demonstrating self-understanding (Stephens, 2015). Professional competencies consist of nurses knowledge and skills in making decisions which include both physical and technical aspects of nursing care (Basch, 2016). The nurses interpersonal skills demonstrate the ability of a nurse to be able to make therapeutic communications freely and work commitment shows that a nurse has the dedication to provide what is best for the patient (McCarthy et al., 2012). According to Warfield and Manley in 1990, the acknowledging patient's beliefs and values and understanding oneself enables the nurse to deliver care in different cultural environments without bringing negative impacts to patients care (McCarthy et al., 2012). The care of environment involves the context in which the care in delivered. This includes staff relationship, systems that support shared decision making, risk taking, and ability to innovate and power sharing (Page and Hamer, 2012). According to various studies done by McCormack et al in 2002 and Rycroft Malone et al in the same year, there are various key characteristics of the context that enhances personal centered framework (Page and Hamer, 2012). This includes culture in the workplace, the organization commitments in using various evidence sources of quality of care to improve care delivery and the leadership quality delivered by nurses. In that case, the care environment normally can limit or facilitate the functionality of the person-centered process (Page and Hamer, 2012) The person process involves delivering of care using a range of activities that include working with individuals beliefs and values, being sympathetic, engaging each other, providing physical needs and making decisions that provide what is best for the patient (Disch, 2012). Understanding patients beliefs and values enable the nurse to know how various clients values their health and what they think is best for them (Reid, 2013). This is much related to shared decision making where a nurse provides the patient with health education and information and help him to make a decision by himself choosing what in the best from the available solutions (Disch, 2012). The nurse-patient relationship dictates the quality of engagement. Full engagement is described when the patient and nurse are able to work together and are fully connected whereas partial engagement is described when nurse and patient are unable to work together or cannot fully understand each other. A competent and skilled nurs e should be able to engage fully by adopting different patients situations (Reid, 2013). The outcomes are the end results expected when an effective personal centered nursing is experienced which include care satisfaction, the creation of a good therapeutic environment, good collaboration among staffs, feeling of wellbeing, a well-transforming leadership and innovation is highly supported (Reid, 2013). Patient satisfaction normally indicates a quality of care where patient are evaluated if they have demonstrated a good experience in care delivery (Reid, 2013). Application of Person-centered framework in infection control and hand hygiene compliance Infection control and prevention in both hospital and community setting is maximally about the individuals (Webster and Dewing, 2013). This means that, for a maximum prevention of infection, nurses has to focus on their care into patient-centered care so as to have high outcomes in health services (Basch, 2016). Empowering the patients to be in the centered for infection control in the process of care is not just giving treatment and explaining the risks the can have but it involves considering all individuals needs in all levels of care (Stephens, 2015). This start by designing the healthcare facility in such a way it provides maximum patient comfort and that avoid or protect the patients from various processes that promote infections (Lander, 2017). For example, designing a facility with adequate bed space to patient overcrowding that promotes infections transmission (Stephens, 2015). In addition, the patient should be provided with enough patient education and self-management skil ls so that they can be able to prevent infections by taking care of themselves (Nursing Knowledge Development and Clinical Practice, 2013). For nurses to support an effective approach for a god infection control in hospital and support patients activities that minimize cross infection various aspects need to be considered (Nursing Knowledge Development and Clinical Practice, 2013). First, the health care team needs to take into consideration of the patients when developing hospital facilities, policies, and programs (Lander, 2017). In admission to hospital, the nurse should familiarize the patients with infection control strategies and skills required in order to facilitate both health care environment and patient protection (Makous, 2012). The other thing nurses need to do is that when doing any procedure, they should be able to discuss any risk associated with the management (Landers, 2017). This can be done by encouraging the patient to disclose if they have any potential risk associated with the treatment of allergies to medication, explaining various infectious risks associated with the surgical operation and prolon ged hospitalization (Stephens, 2015). In addition to that, providing opportunities for patients to identify and communicate about any risks the think for infection and using that information in providing feedback procedures like providing educational resources about infection prevention and control and informing the patients about hospital protocols concerning self-protection (Landers, 2017). Hand hygiene has been recognized to be one of the most effective means that is currently used a common time to time method of preventing transmission of infections (Disch, 2012). Due to that reason, much emphasis has been placed on how to improve compliance especially by health care workers (Hart, Ford, and Shepherd, 2017). Evidence has shown that the patients flora and the hospital environment are the basic sources of many nosocomial infections (Lander, 2017). This insinuates that much effort has to be put to work toward making sure patient have enough hand hygiene (Disch, 2012). According to World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009, the prevalence of omission of hand hygiene has always been high and is still very high. This is due to the fact that, most hospitals do not include patients in a more directly personal centered initiative (Landers, 2017). This involves including the patients in a hand hygiene initiative and provides policies and recommendation that promote hand hygiene p rotocols in hospitals (Hart, Ford, and Shepherd, 2017) The hospital should provide guidelines placed in all hospital wards as a demonstration of good hand hygiene procedures (Stephens, 2015). The patient should be taught the benefits of washing hands frequently and the hospital environment should be made in a way there are available resources that support the implementation of hand hygiene in practical areas (Hart, Ford, and Shepherd, 2017). Research has shown that, when nurses wash frequently their hands in front of the patient, inform the patients they want to wash hand or they have washed hands before and after the procedure promotes and enhances patients urge of washing hands too (Hart, Ford, and Shepherd, 2017). The patient should not just be provided with guidelines, information, and resources needed for hand hygiene but the nurses should involve them in the process of washing hands steps by steps (Landers, 2017). How person-centered framework relates with Practice Development principle According to McCormack in 2002, practice development is a process that tends to be continuous in improvements towards maximizing the patient-centered care (Harrison and Frampton, 2016). This is major put into practice by helping the healthcare workers to develop their skills and knowledge so as to transform the culture and context of care (Makous, 2012). This means that there is a great relationship between the enablement of performances, systems facilitation plus overall change in care. One principle of practice development suggests that, practice development is a complex methodology that should be used across all healthcare workers and involves both external and internal members (Makous, 2012). This means that for a good quality healthcare to occur, various members should be involved including the patient, family members, community and the healthcare team. Personal centered care suggests that patient is an important pillar care and should be included in decision-making process so as to make a collective solution (Harrison and Frampton, 2016). This can only be achieved if health care workers adopt and develop a quality personal centered framework (Stephens, 2015). The practice development principles argue that developing new methodologies that are complex involves not only a single intervention but a number of intervention from different of professional principles that involves developing, learning and transforming their practice in a way that can be sustained and e ffective (Harrison and Frampton, 2016). The practice development recommends the use of methodologies and activities that would bring a change by ensuring there are high levels of engagement thus improving the culture and context of practice (Adams, 2015). This is one of the major characteristics that is crucial in personal centered framework. For nurses and patients to work in way that would bring better outcomes, engagement is crucial (Harrison and Frampton, 2016). Nurses use interpersonal skills in various contexts to make sure there are high levels of understanding between patients and nurses thus improving the therapeutic relationships (Adams, 2015). According to a study by McCormack in 2007, there are various methods that can be used in practice development suggest for high levels of engagement and patient interaction to occur. This includes ethical processes agreement, making and identifying the roles of a nurse and patient, having a continuous and reflective learning and being person-centered (Adams, 2015). Similar to the personally centered framework, practice development advocates that nurses and other healthcare workers require developing, learn and have enough knowledge and skills so as to become self-sufficient professionals (Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care CrossMark Policy, 2016). This can be achieved by use of various methods which include clarifying values and workplace cultures, developing a shared vision, critical intent and participatory engagement, having god communication strategies, giving space for new ideas, developing self-concept skills, implementing various activities involve in health care and evaluating the consistent of outcomes (Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care CrossMark Policy, 2016). These methods help a nurse to integrate the self-sustaining skills of learning in practice, evades development and usage and in a content evaluation of practice change. This, in turn, promotes innovation which is crucial in bringing changes in healthcare (Park et al., 2014). There are a various set of skills required in practice development so as to make a nurse to adopt smoothly person-centered framework (Adams, 2015). These can also be regarded as professional competencies. This includes developing effective knowledge and skills, establishing and developing effective cultures that involve a leadership that is transformational, adopting skills that involve reflective practices, using ad developing policies, evaluating self and other working team members and helping the various individuals achieve the above skills (Adams, 2015). The major focus and intention of enabling the nurses to develop skills need to be used in practice development methods in the day to day practice or in a clinical context is facilitation (Disch, 2012). According to Kitchen in 2000, skilled facilitation has been stated as one of the most effective ways of enabling learning in practice and evidence use thus facilitating person-centered nursing (Disch, 2012). In addition to that, the effectiveness and effective care environment and culture are archived if the health care team works together (Ward, 2012). The use of CIP (Collaborative, Inclusive, and Participatory) principle in person-centered framework The CIP principle suggests that, for proper person-centered nursing, various aspects of care need to be addressed (Ward, 2012). One is the collaboration of all stakeholders that are involved in health care or in providing a solution for patient betterment (Adams, 2015). There are two major types of collaboration which include patient to nurse collaboration and interprofessional collaboration (McCarthy et al., 2012). Nurses must work together with other nurses and medical health workers so as to provide better solutions for healthcare (Park et al., 2014). This includes sharing knowledge and skills, experiences, resources and ideas in formulating and developing plans intended to improve patients wellbeing. Healthcare workers have also to collaborate with the patient, family, and community when making health decisions (Disch, 2012). The personally centered framework is all about the patient and family involvement in patient care. This means that the client has the authority to participate in decision-making process (Park et al., 2014). Empowering the family and patient in a participatory skill like patients education, encouraging the patient to come up with ideas, and implementing patients ideas and decisions have proved to provide a high quality of care (Park et al., 2014). Patients should also be allowed to take part in policy making and implementation. Areas, where individuals who are allowed to take part in policies making have demonstrated to have high levels of satisfaction thus better outcomes, are experienced (Park et al., 2014). Person-centered nursing is an inclusive framework that involves various components. These include health care systems and the care environments, healthcare workers and the patients (McCarthy et al., 2012). The health care system and the context in which the care is delivered should support patient involvement and participation. The health care workers should have enough knowledge and skills which promote the care delivery which is client centered (McCarthy et al., 2012). This should not only include treatment and give information to patients but also involve the patients in all levels of delivery. Patients should understand that, it is their duty to be involved in sharing decision which concerns their health care. Conclusion A personally centered framework is one of the most convenient approaches to providing care in hospital and outside community settings. This involves how nurses and other healthcare professionals consider patients as equal partners in developing, planning and monitoring care of the patient. Other than that, personal centered care normally improves the experiences different individuals have in health care, leads to more healthy lifestyles, improves nurse and patients decision-making skills, lead to better health outcomes and improves professionalism and service of care. There are four major components of personal centered care which include prerequisites that consist the nurses attributes, the care environment which deals with the context in which delivery of care occurs, a personal centered process which involves delivering of care using a range of activities and the expected outcomes which are the results of personal centered care. Practice development has been defined as processes t hat continuously work to improves and maximize the patient-centered care. Therefore, there is a great relationship between, enablement of performances, systems facilitation and the overall change in care. Personal centered care can be applied in the prevention of infection, in that nurses has to empower the patients to be in the centered for infection control in the process of care which is not just giving treatment and explaining the risks the can have but it involving all individuals needs in all levels of care. Hand hygiene compliance is one of the best infection control practice that should be highly centered towards patients. This can be done by including the patients in a hand hygiene initiative and provides policies and recommendation that promote hand hygiene protocols in all health care settings. Nurses and other health care workers should provide guidelines and the placed in all hospital which demonstrates good hand hygiene procedures as a method of hand hygiene promotion. Similar to the personal centered framework, practice development principles indicates that nurses and other healthcare workers require to develop, learn and have enough knowledge and skills so as to become self-sufficient professionals. The CIP principle recommends that, for a good patient-centered care, health care should be inclusive, patients should be allowed in decision making and all health care providers should collaborate with the patient to provide better solutions for care. References Adams, J. (2015). Theories Guiding Nursing Research and Practice Making Nursing Knowledge Development Explicit,Cancer Nursing Practice, 14(2), pp.11-11. Basch, E. (2016). Toward a Patient-Centered Value Framework in Oncology.JAMA, 315(19), p.2073. Disch, J. (2012). Patient-centered care/student-centered learning.Nursing Outlook, 60(6), pp.340-341. Dellinger, E. (2016). Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infections.Surgical Infections, 17(4), pp.422-426. Greene, S. (2012). A Framework for Making Patient-Centered Care Front and Center.The Permanente Journal. Harrison, J. and Frampton, S. (2016). Resident-Centered Care in 10 U.S. Nursing Homes: Residents Perspectives.Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 49(1), pp.6-14. Hart, T., Ford, S. and Shepherd, E. (2017).Promoting hand hygiene in clinical practice. [online] Nursing Times. Available at: https://www.nursingtimes.net/promoting-hand-hygiene-in-clinical-practice/5063464 Horowitz, H. (2017). Infection control III: Infection prevention and control as mediators.American Journal of Infection Control. How Does Patient-Centred Care Relate to Infection Prevention and Control? | National Health and Medical Research Council. [online] Available at: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/book/australian-guidelines-prevention-and-control-infection-healthcare-2010/a3-2-how-does-patient-ce Isaacs, D. (2012). Hand washing.Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 48(6), pp.457-457. Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care CrossMark Policy. (2016).Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care, 0(0). Landers T, e. (2017).Patient-centered hand hygiene: the next step in infection prevention. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22546268 Makous, N. (2012). Technology, Reform, and Personal Medical Care.The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, 3(3), pp.173-177. McCarthy, G., Cornally, N., Moran, J. and Courtney, M. (2012). Practice nurses and general practitioners: perspectives on the role and future development of practice nursing in Ireland.Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(15-16), pp.2286-2295. Nursing Knowledge Development and Clinical Practice. (2013).Nursing Philosophy, 9(4), pp.279-280. Page, S. and Hamer, S. (2012). Practice development in health care where are we now?.Practice Development in Health Care, 3(4), pp.189-191. Park, T., Chira, P., Miller, K. and Nugent, L. (2014). Living Profiles: an example of user-centered design in developing a teen-oriented personal health record.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 19(1), pp.69-77. Reid, C. (2013). Developing a research framework to inform an evidence base for person-centered medicine: keeping the person at the centre.European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare, 1(2), p.336. Stephens, J. (2015). A participatory learning model and person-centered healthcare: moving away from one hand clapping.European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare, 3(3), p.279. Ward, M. (2012). Practice Development in NursingPractice; Development in Nursing.Nursing Standard, 19(37), pp.36-36. Webster, J. and Dewing, J. (2013). Growing a practice development strategy for community hospitals.Practice Development in Health Care, 6(2), pp.97-106.

Lessons in The Kite Runner Essay Example

Lessons in The Kite Runner Essay Essay Religion is a very big thing in todays world. It can depend on life or death of a person. Remember Malala, She got shot in the head for being Muslim and wanting womens education. Imagine seeing someone executed or beaten just because of what they believe in. Today, this is what actually happens. It happens everyday and is a very big problem especially in the Middle East. Today there are lots of rebelist groups taking over peoples rights and abolishing others religions. In his novel, The Kite Runner. Khaled Hosseini uses many examples on how culture affects how you are treated. He shows that depending on what faith you are, you either will have lots of power, or none at all. He shows this through Hassan being beaten up in the alley, Amir being dragged out and beaten, and Baba. We will write a custom essay sample on Lessons in The Kite Runner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lessons in The Kite Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lessons in The Kite Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First, Khaled hosseini shows that culture affects how much power you have. He shows this through Hassan being beaten up in the alley. It says in the book â€Å"They held down Hassan and raped him, but I was too scared to do anything.† (45) When hassan is being beaten and raped in the alley, this was all based off of one thing, his religion. Hassan follows the Islamic faith which is the dominant culture where he lives. When Assef Hassans attacker doesn’t agree with Hassans beliefs and religion, he plans an attack on him in the alley way. Assef and his gang just brutally torture him and then leave him there. Amir his friend just stands around scared and worried, but doesn’t do anything because he is terrified. Assef is the son of a rebel who leads a group spreading his words about others religion. Since Assef is the son of a rebel, he learns hateful words about the Islam faith, thats why he attacked Hassan. This shows religion is a factor on how people are treated. Next, Khaled Hosseini shows that culture affects how you are treated. He shows this through amir. In the book, Amir is a Islamic boy who loves to play with his best friend Hassan. Where A

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essays (934 words) - Randle McMurphy

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest For as long as time could tell, whenever and wherever there is a corrupt ruling system in place, there will always be an opposing force trying to over throw it. This ruling system can be a variety of things. In some cases it is the government, a boss, or basically anything or anyone that has some type of control or authority over something else or someone else. In some cases the opposition can successfully take over control of these corrupt systems, while in other incidents the opposition is pitifully pounded back to silence. In other cases, the opposing force will be beaten, but in their shadowy remains lye a path for future generations to follow. In the case of Mc Murphy and the Big nurses a power struggle, the opposition (Mc Murphy) gets beaten silent, yet his words will continue to ring throughout the halls of the ward. Mc Murphy has been made a martyr, and has ultimately stripped Big Nurse of her abused powers and paved the way for fellowmen to escape her entrapment. Based on the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey, it seems that the authors' perspective on this issue is that the system in place during this time period is in need of change. Ken seems to like the revolutionist characteristics found in his main character, and emphasizes the idea of questioning the authority power. His belief seems to be that even if you are not successful in changing the system in entire, the effects of a person trying can still be very effective. In fact, if all you manage to accomplish is changing a small aspect of the system, it was still all well worth the fight. For as seen, the effects of a minor victory, ripple into much larger victories in the battles to come. As a revolutionist, you set an example for others to follow and in essence pave the way for others to follow. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, the main character, Randle Patrick McMurphy, fights to change the system in a mental hospital. McMurphy is very outgoing, loud, rugged, manly, a leader and a rebel. From the first couple scenes of the book, there is a constant power struggle between the patient's new found savior McMurphy, and the evil Nurse Ratchet who rules their wing of the hospital with an iron fist. McMurphy fights to change the system to try to win back the patients' rights and in the process gain more privileges for the patients and himself. McMurphy also seems to get pleasure out of fighting the system. His motives seem simple, he wants to help out his fellow patients, his friends, and make their lives better. This is very similar to the real life rebellion against the "Tyranny of the Majority" which was occurring during this time period. McMurphy was successful in changing many of the rules and regulations that were imposed upon them by Nurse Ratchet. McMurphy was a very inspirational speaker and during the regularly occurring meetings between the patients and the doctors he would rally the patients to fight against Nurse Ratchet. Thus he was able to win back some of their rights. This type of action was also witnessed during Ken Kessleys time, and quite similarly, revolutionists also won many rights from the state that had once been taken from them during their life time. In the novel, McMurphy also uses his cunning wit and his skills as a con man to persuade the doctors into giving the patients more rights and activities. An example of this is when McMurphy is able to con Dr. Spivey to get a room where he and a bunch of other patients can go to play cards without the loud music coming over the intercom. This type of persuading the political leaders of the system was also seen and very helpful during the time this novel was published. In real life many fights against the system are lost. Even though McMurphy loses some of his fights, he keeps on fighting, trying to change the system. In this novel McMurphy uses many tools to try to change the system, among them are his voice and his power to rally the patients, brute force, and violence. In the end McMurphy loses his life in the fight to change the system, but he left a substantial impact on the hospital and the policies of Nurse Ratchet. His fight to change the system was well worth

Divorce causes problems for all family members involved

Divorce causes problems for all family members involved. The film The Parenthood illustrates a divorce in which this is exceptionally true. Helens divorce instigates something to be lost in each of the family members lives. The divorce triggers Helen to lose a companion, Julie loses a disciplinarian, and Gary loses a male role model. Divorce causes something to be lost in the lives of all the family members involved. These losses in turn caused problems that hindered healthy development. The divorce for Helen meant the loss of a companion. To cope with this she tried to find companionship in her children. This made parenting and discipline difficult. Helen had a lot of stress and issues herself, and had no one to really share it with or help her through it. Its not easy for parents to lay down the law after divorce. Not only are they emotionally exhausted, theyre reluctant to come down too hard on a child who has been through the breakup (Fredericks 1). There are reports that show that single parents show lower levels of monitoring and discipline than married parents do. Single parents also seem to make fewer demands on the children and utilize less effective disciplinary strategies (Simons et al. 1). Helens daughter Julie does not listen to her. She continues to have a relationship with Todd disregarding her mothers advice. Helen also has relatively no jurisdiction over Gary he never listens to her or talk to her about troubles he is having. ! Research has shown that males have a greater tendency to have behavioral problems than females. It may be that males understand the danger of low parental control and interpret it as an absence of parental concern and caring (Simon et al. 10). Helens lack of discipline and effective parenting was caused by her want of companionship in her children. This effected Helen and her children in a negative manner. ...

Does it matter whether or not firms pay dividends Essay

Does it matter whether or not firms pay dividends - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that one of the essential parts of a company investment return is a dividend. Being paid on an annual or quarterly basis, a majority of companies pay dividends to the shareholders while others retain their entire profit and reinvest. Even though reinvesting back the profit is vital for the future expansion of the company, it significantly matters whether firms pay dividends. Based on the importance of shareholders in the capital growth of any company, it is fundamental for the management to rewards the shareholders by giving them a portion of the company profits so that they can use it for their own investment or education of their children among other personal use. A company that regularly pays dividends to its shareholders indicates fundamentals. In the 1930s before firms were under legal obligation to pay a dividend, their financial health was indicated by their ability to pay a dividend. Notwithstanding the laws and legislation such as the securities and exchange act of 1934 that brought about a significant level of transparency in the financial management of firms, dividends are still a notable yardstick of the company performance. Â  Mature companies pay dividends and still retain more profits for reinvesting. A good example of a company that has benefited from giving its shareholders dividends is Microsoft. During the early years of the company operations, the company did not pay dividends but it reinvested a significant portion of its profit for future growth.

Corn Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Corn - Research Paper Example They recommendations section in particular gives information regarding the observations identified in the research. The conclusion and summary provide a recap of the notable findings of the research. The paper uses information from different sources including the ERS and USDA to support the information delivered in the paper. The sources are cited using the APA format of citations and referencing. Corn also known as Zea mays in its scientific name is an essential cereal that is believed to have originated from the Western Hemisphere. Many people believe that corn originated from the Mexico and southern Argentina while others suggest its origin as the valleys of Mexico. Many theories of its origin have been created, only two of them get serious consideration nowadays. The first one is the teosinte theory of the wild progenitor of corn. The other is the theory of the wild pod corn that is now extinct. The theory suggested that corn was domesticated by ancestors. Many scholars and students accept the first theory, but others are equally convinced that the second is right. Apart from its possible position in the origin of corn, the first theory has had significant impact on its evolution. Specifically in Mexico, introgression between teosinte and corn has mostly occurred for many years and is continuous to this day (Peckham, 2001). The effects are not real in the cytology and morphology of both species. There exists a reason to accept that genes for resistance to particular viruses have brought corn to its introgression with teosinte. Origin of corn might never be clearly known with certainty. A major reason is that the suggestion purporting to explain the origin cannot be tested through experiments. Therefore, science may perhaps be better used if less attention is accorded to determine the origin of corn and more to comprehension of the variability existing within the species (Murray, 2007). Regardless of its origin, corn has proved to be

Teaching English Language Arts through Writing Research Paper

Teaching English Language Arts through Writing - Research Paper Example According to revised research, there are about four or five important comprehension sub-skills that include remembering word meanings, following paragraph structure, finding answers in the passage and drawing deductions from the passage. However, research to accurately study these methods has been difficult because researchers cannot seem to separate the effects of certain methods from the variable that affect them. Consequent studies on the topic tried to make use of â€Å"introspection, interviews and laboratory simulations† to achieve more accurate results. According to research, a child has been taught to read effectively if he/she can understand the text and translate it into his/her own language. According to Early’s research, for a child to develop exhaustive knowledge of the language arts, it is important for him/her to be exposed to various forms of the language, both through reading and writing so that the range of his/her language arts is successfully widened . Another research along the same vein talks about the theories and approaches that have been developed to help teachers teach young children how to learn the language arts through writing. Specifically, this research paper looks at some generalizations about children and their written language in the above-mentioned context and what implications these generalizations have for their teachers. People often think that writing serves numerous different functions and purposes, for example, we use it to express ourselves and describe things too. It has many different forms and can be addressed at many different audiences, for example, written language can be in the form of stories or poems and be addressed to one’s self or someone we know. It consists of three important phases and consequently, the phases of a child’s language arts development depend on it. Lastly, children should write frequently and that their teachers should practice writing as well in order to teach it better to their pupils. All these generalizations have implications for the teacher of the language arts. Since writing is a means of self expression, children should be encouraged to look at their written pieces much like you would look at any other piece of art in another form. To let the child develop mastery over the written language’s several purposes the teacher must focus on creative writing, argumentative and descriptive writing etc. To let the child feel more comfortable with his/her writing the teacher may let different forms of writing be available at their disposal. To help the

Types of Network media

Types of Network media There is many media type. I will choose three type of media. They are The primary type of twisted pair cables The primary type of coaxial cables The primary type of fiber optic cables Network media is the actual path over which an electrical signal travels as it moves from one component to another. I want to explain the common types of network media, including twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable. Twisted Pair Cable Twisted pair cable is can use for telephone communication and can cable ethernet networks. A pair of wires that can transmit data. When electronic signal through a wire, that create small magnetic field around a wire. When place two wire together, the magnetic fields are opposite of each other. So, two magnetic fields are disappear. They can distory any magnetic fields outside. There are two type of twisted pair cable, unshielded twisted pair (UTP)and shielded twisted pair (STP). UTP Cable UTP cable is used for various networks. This cable include eight copper wires covered by an insulating material. UTP cable canceling effective of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). UTP cable is install using the Registered jack (RJ 45) connector. The RJ-45 has eight wire connector. UTP cable is used to connect local-area network(LAN). Advantages of UTP cable UTP cable has many advantages. The cable size is small (approximately 0.43 cm) and easy to install. This cable price is less than other type of network cable. UTP has no wiring ducts as other network cable. It can be most important to consider when installation a network in a building. Disadvantages of UTP cable Twisted pair cable has also disadvantages. However, UTP cable is more avoid electrical noise and interference than other network cables. UTP cable transmit short signal than coaxial cable and fiber optic cable. Coaxial cable Coaxial cable is made of outer hollow conductor and inner wire made of two conducting element. The center of a cable is made of copper wire. Copper wire has surrounding by flexible insulation. Metallic foil is coted over the insulating called second layer. Second layer is reduce the amount of outside interference. Coaxial cable is support 10 to 100 mbps of transfer rate. Coaxial cable is little expensive than UTP cable. However, coaxial cable can cheaper in physical bus topology. Coaxial cable can cabled long distant than UTP cable. Twisted pair cable can run 100 meters(328 feets). Using coxial cable, distance is 500 meters(1640 feets). Fiber optic cable Fiber optic cable can carry more data in longer distance with light signal than electrinic signal carry coxial cable. Fiber optic cable can run 100km(60 miles) without amplifing the light signal. Fiber optical can be used medium for telecommunication and networking because it is more flexible than other cable. Light transmition through the fiber due to reflection within the material. Advantages of fiber optic cable Can run long distance in lower cost Can carry more data No sparks Cable weight is light Storng to electronic interference Disadvantages of fiber optic cable Disadvantages of fiber optic cable is cost and durability. That cable is more expensive the other cable. Network Topology Star Topology This topology is common type of topology used in home and office. At the star topology, central connection called hub which is computer hub or switch. The best advantages is something fault in cable, only one computer can get bad affected and not entire network. Advantages of star topology Star topology is simple in function and easy to manage In star topology, problems can be easily located and easy to troubleshoot The Star Topology is very simple in format so it is very easy to expand on the Star Topology. Star Topology Disadvantages In star topology, entire network is fully depend on hub or switch If there is many nodes, cable is long to connect and network can be slow down Mesh topology In mesh topology to complete, all the nodes are connected to each other. On the network throung hops, every node is connect to other nedes. Some nodes are connect to single hops and some nodes are connect with more than one hops. Mesh topology include the concept of route. Unlike other topology, message can send several path from source to destination.

We Must Save the Rainforests :: Argumentative, Persuasive, Environment

Rainforests, should we cut them down or not? Probably one of the biggest questions the world has to overcome. Sure, rainforests supply us with a lot of resources and we could surely not live without cutting some of them down, but should we be cutting them down at the rate we are? To be exact, the statistic estimates 1.5 acres of natural rainforests are being destroyed every second. While this practise supplies us with resources like timber for furniture, it also reduces the amount of oxygen supply. Rainforests once covered 14% of the worlds land surface, however now it only covers a mere 6%. It is estimated that all rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. Trees are becoming more needed and used everyday. We need them cut down for many reasons such as paper and timber, while also needing them ‘untouched’ for other reasons like oxygen, we have to ask ourselves, which is more important? At the current rate, most of the rainforests are being cut down for resources like paper and timber, but less importance is being placed on main resources like oxygen. Simply speaking, rainforests are basically the foundation of the earth. The most important role that rainforests play is ‘the lungs of the earth’. This is extremely vital to the earth’s survival as the trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide which they use to help grow and let out oxygen which we need to live. This system is known as the carbon-oxygen cycle and with numbers of rainforests declining, it is highly threatened. The largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon, alone is known to produce half of the world’s oxygen. A break down in the carbon-oxygen cycle means that we will not only have less oxygen, but an increase in carbon dioxide which eventually leads to global warming. This occurs as carbon dioxide traps heat which actually keeps the earth warm, with the right amount of carbon dioxide that is. This is called the greenhouse effect and occurs naturally however due to decreasing number of trees, there is more carbon dioxide than needed which trap s extra heat making the earth hotter than needed, this is known as global warming which also causes a rise in sea level. The world’s climate is kept stable and suitable to live in, mainly by rainforests, in a number of ways. They are often known as ‘climate controllers’. They keep the planet cool, as they absorb much of the suns heat, instead of reflecting it back into the atmosphere. We Must Save the Rainforests :: Argumentative, Persuasive, Environment Rainforests, should we cut them down or not? Probably one of the biggest questions the world has to overcome. Sure, rainforests supply us with a lot of resources and we could surely not live without cutting some of them down, but should we be cutting them down at the rate we are? To be exact, the statistic estimates 1.5 acres of natural rainforests are being destroyed every second. While this practise supplies us with resources like timber for furniture, it also reduces the amount of oxygen supply. Rainforests once covered 14% of the worlds land surface, however now it only covers a mere 6%. It is estimated that all rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. Trees are becoming more needed and used everyday. We need them cut down for many reasons such as paper and timber, while also needing them ‘untouched’ for other reasons like oxygen, we have to ask ourselves, which is more important? At the current rate, most of the rainforests are being cut down for resources like paper and timber, but less importance is being placed on main resources like oxygen. Simply speaking, rainforests are basically the foundation of the earth. The most important role that rainforests play is ‘the lungs of the earth’. This is extremely vital to the earth’s survival as the trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide which they use to help grow and let out oxygen which we need to live. This system is known as the carbon-oxygen cycle and with numbers of rainforests declining, it is highly threatened. The largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon, alone is known to produce half of the world’s oxygen. A break down in the carbon-oxygen cycle means that we will not only have less oxygen, but an increase in carbon dioxide which eventually leads to global warming. This occurs as carbon dioxide traps heat which actually keeps the earth warm, with the right amount of carbon dioxide that is. This is called the greenhouse effect and occurs naturally however due to decreasing number of trees, there is more carbon dioxide than needed which trap s extra heat making the earth hotter than needed, this is known as global warming which also causes a rise in sea level. The world’s climate is kept stable and suitable to live in, mainly by rainforests, in a number of ways. They are often known as ‘climate controllers’. They keep the planet cool, as they absorb much of the suns heat, instead of reflecting it back into the atmosphere.

Biological Importance of Water

The Biological Importance Of Water Water plays a huge role in our lives, the molecule which is comprised of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen bonded together has many complex properties. The molecule maintains a bent shape due to its tetrahedral arrangement and the negative lone pair of electrons on the oxygen. The electrons from both hydrogen and oxygen are joined covalently but the difference in electronegativity lets the electrons from hydrogen get pulled slightly toward the oxygen therefore making the hydrogen positive and the oxygen negative (a dipole molecule). Hence water being a polar molecule, the result of this lets water get attracted to other polar molecules and more importantly to other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds form in-between these polar molecules. The many unique properties water withholds will be discussed in this essay varying from its thermal properties to its solvent properties. The polar molecule attracts other polar water molecules. The slightly negative oxygen is attracted to the slightly positive hydrogen. Weak hydrogen bonds connect them. Electrons are pulled closer to oxygen making oxygen negative and hydrogen positive and therefore polarised. Solvent properties Since water is polarized it attracts ions and other polarized molecules. Water can collect around the molecule separate it making the chemicals able to move freely around and react with other chemicals. For example when NaCl enters water they dissociate into ions (Na+) and (Cl-), this occurs because both ions are more attracted to water dipoles. The water molecules surround the ions therefore making it hydrated, the molecules are bound providing a osmotic surface. This process takes place withen animals and plants. In order for a plant to abssorb minerals from the soil and for the blood(waterbased) to transport glucose, amino acids and minerals. Without this soloution living orgasisms wouldn’t be able to physical survie due to lack of nutrients. All metablic reactions happen in this soloution, such a respiration, excretion and photosythesis. In the circumstance that a molecules intermoleculer bonds are to strong the charged surface normally gets attracted to water which would then remain isolated, this therefore avoids them joining – collodical suspension. The plasma in your blood is a example of a collodical suspension as it carries all the nurtirents and elctrolytes but doesn’t fuse with the red blood cells. Thermal properties A realtively large proportion of energy is needed to increase the tempreture of water (high heat capacity) because of the large amounts of hydrogen bonds water pocesses. The more water content there is the harder it is to change the tempreture. Due to the high water content inside our bodies changing tempreture is a slow process, making maintaing a stable body tempreture easy, water acts as a buffer. This is obviously a advantage so enzymes can work at there optium tempreture. When sweating occurs a lot of heat energy escapes via evaperation making it a good cooling mechanism and helping organisms mantian the optium body tempreture which is vital to endothermic organisms. Density and freezing properties When water is solid , its less dense then it was when it was in liquid form. Ice floats because it is about 9% less dense than liquid water. The density of water starts to decrease after 4 celsus and therefore starts to float, insulating water particals below it. As water cools below 4Â °C, the hydrogen bonds adjust to hold the negatively charged oxygen atoms apart. This produces a crystal lattice. If it wasn’t for density being less dense water would sink and the whole ocean would freeze killing water life and reducing the circulate nutrients in oceans. When water freezes is expands inorder to make space for more hydrogen bonds. Water stays liquid through a large tempreture range which helps water animals live. High surface tension and cohesion Since water moves together in long unbroken columns through plants (xylem tissue)- the low viscosity allows water to drift easily. Transpiration steam occurs in soloution and is held together by cohesion. Water molecules attach to the xylem vessel showing the use of adhesion(because both water and cellulose are polar molecules there is a strong attraction for water within the hollow capillaries of the xylem). The guard cell is turgid because it has an increase in turgor pressure – water enters the central vacuole by osmosis. The cohesion of water molecules creates a large surface tenison ontop of the water letting small organisms use it as a habitat. Water also effects the support of mammals due to the waterfilled tissue which boosts are skeletal support. All of these properties show that water has great biological importance and is fundamentally vital for any living organisms to survive.

Depression in The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example

Depression in The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example Depression in The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Depression in The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Essay Topic: The Yellow Wallpaper ? Charlotte Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† illustrates the effects of post-partum depression and neglect on a woman who is mistreated by her husband. In early nineteenth century, middle-class women in America normally seen as the household moral compass. In society, the women’s place was to be motherly and to be a wife, who obeys her husband. During the nineteenth century, women were not allowed to have creative thoughts of their own. The male population had animosity towards the publication of the book because it went against how women were supposed to behave in society. After, reading The Yellow Wallpaper, it became clear to me that the moral of the story was about identity crisis. The women became delusional because she was losing a part of her identity, held hostage as if she was in prison with â€Å"barred windows for little children and rings and things in the walls† (Gilman 174). The disturbing wallpaper was chosen against her will. It was a loud yellow, which was distasteful. In the moonlight or any other â€Å"kind of light, twilight, candlelight, lamplight, and worst of all moonlight, becomes bars† like a penitentiary (Gilman 182). She began to feel imprisoned, which started her to project her feelings on the wallpaper. The idea of the room being barred and caged symbolized isolation and control. She was excluded being around others causing her sister Jennie to take on her responsibility as a mother to her children. Her husband dismisses her illness and behavior as if she was a child â€Å"bless her little heart; she shall be as sick as she pleases† (Gilman 181). That statement is childlike treatment because the use of the word â€Å"little† describes her heart giving an image of a small body as if she was an infant. For example, the phrase â€Å"as sick as she pleases† reflects how children falsify illnesses to escape duties expected of them such as chores. As a doctor, her husband diagnosed her with ?

bonobos essays

bonobos essays Bonobos are African apes related to the chimpanzee and the closest to humans. Bonobos are only found in the Congo, south of the Congo River. They are very similar to chimpanzees except that they have smaller heads, flatter faces, and longer lower limbs than chimpanzees. They share 98.4% of the same genetic make-up (DNA). Bonobos have many similarities to humans. One important and not very common to other apes is the way they walk. Bonobos walk bipedally, on two feet, more easily and for longer periods of time than the other apes. They are also very intelligent. They have been able to learn the meanings of many human words, and can be trained to communicate with humans using sign language. The bonobo society is more peaceful, because they dont have to fight for the females. Like humans, bonobo females are sexually receptive throughout most of their estrus cycle. Chimpanzees on the other hand, only mate during the few days when a female is fertile. They have all kinds of sex, male - male, female - female, male- female. Similar to many humans today. Bonobos diet is slightly different from ours. They eat termites, ants, worms, small reptiles and squirrels. They also eat Fruit, leaves, stems, shoots, honey. . Bonobos usually walk on all fours, supporting the upper part of their bodies with their knuckles. Humans only walk on twos (our legs). They use sex instead of aggression. Instead of war they make love. Humans go to war with each. Maybe we should learn from bonobos to make love instead of war. Only a relatively small number of bonobos remain in the wild today. Sadly we are losing a lot of primates because of us. I have learned so much about bonobos and found them quite interesting, especially their sexuality. I find them almost the same as chimpanzees except for the make love instead of war. Bonobos are also more peaceful and quite than us humans. We have a lot to learn from Bonobos. ...

The harm of the banking concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The harm of the banking concept - Essay Example till exams, after which a student forgets what he had studied. ii) The confidence level in students deteriorates due to lack of exposure and the tension and nervousness of remembering all the stuff written in textbooks during exams. iii) Intense pressure of memorizing and learning the textbooks without understanding it properly may divert the interest of students away from studies. Among all the bad results, these three are the worst because the students are said to be educated when they understand what is being taught instead of merely memorizing their syllabus. But, education has now become a concept of â€Å"remembering† more than â€Å"understanding†, educators have lost the meaning for teaching students. Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator who has left a significant mark on thinking about progressive practice wrote in â€Å"The ‘Banking Concept’ of Education† his idea of two different education methods which are the â€Å"banking† concept and the â€Å"problem posing† concept. In banking education, teachers usually assume that the students know nothing at all and then take full advantage of this assumption. They just simply feed the students with information and students are forced to swallow it all up. On the other hand, problem posing education encourages the students to develop the habit of gaining knowledge by doing practical experiments and research works rather than just noting down the lecture of the teacher without pondering on the topic. This process involves an interaction between the teacher and the students, which eventually leads to a stronger teacher-student relationship. This helps a student to be more frank with a teacher to clarify all the confusions that usually evolve in a student’s brain. It also helps a student to develop keen interest in any topic that is being taught. Freire thinks problem posing is better than the banking concept, and I am also in favor of problem posing method. Problem posing enables the students to talk, think and hold discussions among each other within the class as well as even after the class timings, which no doubt can be listed among the healthy activities. On the contrary, banking concept develops the habit of â€Å"instant memorizing† just before the exams. The knowledge students gained through the method of banking concept is usually temporary in their memory and does not benefit the student in the future. This is because the teachers don’t care whether the students really understand the text or not, even if they care, they pay no attention to communicate with the students to make themselves clear. Students force themselves to accept the information and memorize it only for the sake of getting good grades instead of having a passion to learn. The students can easily forget all the memorized information

International Intellectual Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Intellectual Property Law - Essay Example One is that emerging countries might not have the same technology as advanced countries, and need to copy advanced companies to innovate. This is an issue that is addressed below. However, the bulk of this article will deal with copyrights, especially with regards to British Law regarding the same. Intellectual property rights have become one of the buzzwords surrounding globalization. Globalization may be defined as â€Å"an extent of internationalisation at a level where boundaries are blurred or appear close, where networks and solidarities are communicating, [and] where interdependencies are increasing.†1 On a technological basis, modern globalization is dependent upon the structures for communication, transportation, computation and enforcement interlocking.2 Globalization has reached many sectors, including intellectual property, financial services, money capital, goods and financial instruments.3 There are obvious positive aspects of globalization, and negative ones as well, as globalization leads to clashes, prejudices, tension and cultural misunderstandings such as those seen on 9/11, and the Bali, Madrid and London bombings.4 Intellectual property is one of the core businesses in the World Trade Organisation (WTO), in which one of the WTOs founding element with regards to intellectual property is the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement.5 The TRIPS Agreement, in a nutshell, establishes a global harmonisation of protection for Intellectual Property and enforcement, as well as created international standards regarding patent, copyright, trademark and design protections.6 The existing regimes of the United States, Europe and Japan with regards to intellectual property were largely the same, so their laws did not need as much harmonising. However, there were some areas that were a problem, as far as different countries having different rules, and they were â€Å"first to invent systems, scope of

Case Submission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Submission - Essay Example Acceptance of offer Sent by offeree I. Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company 1. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Carbolic Smoke Ball advertisement Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256 is one of the most famous leading cases in English law that helped establish the requirements for the formation of a contract. B. Contents 1 Background 2 Ruling 3 Later influence 4 External links 5 See also C. Background The Carbolic Smoke Ball Company made a product called a smoke ball that it claimed could protect the user from contracting influenza. The smoke ball was a rubber ball with a tube attached. It was filled with carbolic acid (phenol). The tube was then inserted into the user's nose. It was squeezed at the bottom to release the vapours into the nose of the user. This would cause the nose to run, and hopefully flush out the cold. In fact the inflammation caused by the device would have probably increased susceptibility to catching influenza. The Company published advertisements claiming that it would pay 100 to anyone who got sick with influenza after using its product according to the instructions set out in the advertisement. Specifically, they stated: 100 reward will be paid by the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company to any person who contracts the increasing epidemic influenza, colds or any disease caused by taking cold, after having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied each ball. 1000 is deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street, showing our sincerity in the matter. Mrs Carlill, relying on the promises made in the advertisement, bought one of the balls and used it in the manner specified, yet still managed to contract... The Carbolic Smoke Ball Company made a product called a smoke ball that it claimed could protect the user from contracting influenza. The smoke ball was a rubber ball with a tube attached. It was filled with carbolic acid (phenol). The tube was then inserted into the user's nose. It was squeezed at the bottom to release the vapours into the nose of the user. This would cause the nose to run, and hopefully flush out the cold. In fact the inflammation caused by the device would have probably increased susceptibility to catching influenza. 100 reward will be paid by the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company to any person who contracts the increasing epidemic influenza, colds or any disease caused by taking cold, after having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied each ball. 1000 is deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street, showing our sincerity in the matter. The Carbolic Company claimed that there was no enforceable contract between it and the user of the smoke ball on the grounds that there was no acceptance of its offer, because Mrs Carlill had never notified the Company that she accepted its offer, or consideration, since the Company did not receive any benefit from a purchaser's use of the product once the sale had been completed. The court rejected

Low life expectancy Essay Example for Free

Low life expectancy Essay Todays world is all about speed. Every single process is studied and programmed to be as quick as possible, with optimal efficiency. We are currently witnessing a fundamental transformation of the society that we can qualify as a robotisation, essentially in the developped countries. That could be beneficial for some countries, in some fields, for some people. But we all should be aware that there are humans that cannot follow this step. In fact, this new process is involving a wider gap between developped countries and the least developped countries concerning life expectancy. Life expectancy is an average number of year given to a person at his birth depending on the country he was born in, and it is a factor defining the health of a country. Diseases, war, famine, death rates in one hand, national economic prosperity, standard education and performant healthcare in the other hand, there are many factors affecting the life expectancy in each country, making it better or worse. People tend to have. a longer. life in western countries like Israel where the average expectancy life is 81 years old, instead of Zimbabwe, where the average expectancy life is 52 years old (CIA, 2012). This essay will assess two solutions to low life expectancy in the developping world. First, the. promotion and improvement of the health care system and infrastructure, then the development of appropriate education programs to instruct and educate the population of those third world countries. The countries where life expectancy is very low are country where death rates are very high. These death rates are caused by further facts as war, diseases, pandemics and outbreaks so we can notice that healthcare system and infrastructure are very important to maintain the population in a good shape. The difference between evelopped and developping countries concerning this matter has always been the economical issues. Developping countries, in order to improve their situation, must establish plans Wich will structure an efficient government budget, however because of their low or very low GDP, this budget could be extremely tight regarding. healthcare and infrastructures dedicated to that matter. For example in UK, the budget dedicated to healthcare represents eleven percent of the GDP, whereas Angola uses only 2% of public expenditure (WHO,2005). Due to such a low budget dedicated to Healthcare, developping countries are not able to provide efficient reatments and qualified medical staff to their citizens. The only solution to that issue for developping coutries is to increase their health care budget and place the ministry of health upper in their priorities. Increasing the tax rates on high income people would raise the budget and slightly rise the budget by 2% in the Gross Domestic Product. Government should aso work on the drug prices and user fees to make it more affordable , and control the parallel market to prevent fiscal losses. A reasonnable and efficient use ot ressources should imply an equilibrium in the third world economies and make them refill their budget. That would make the coutry eligible for a financial help from the world bank, the african development Bank or the IMF. Construction of new hospitals and purchases of drugs would then be possible perspectives. Moreover, the governments should focus on supportive private health care and introduction ofa health insurance that would help people keep their money and still get efficient treatments. Improving healthcare all over the world and especially in the developping coutries is actually one of the most relevant issues of the 21 rst century. The second part of the essay focuses on the educational kind of treatment that eople in the developping coutries should get in order to educate them to the new technologies that they will be facing, the new facilities that tey will be using. Education will also allow the medical staff to supply the knowledge and services that people are expecting. On top of that, education will improve peoples situation, working in better places and not being in contact with diseases and bacterias. They will earn more money and that is improving the situation of the country as well, by increasing the GDP. We can say that ducation is at the begining of the chain that will bring a country to prosperity. In order to improve the medical treatments quality, the ministry of education should organize training programs and. seminars for the. medical body (WHO, 2000). In a close collaboration with the ministry of Health and some associations, the Ministry of education should promote hygenie among primary schools, high schools, universities and other educational institutions through presentations, or conferences with medical bodies or even advertisement. The local associations should be also supported and prevention should happen mor often. Give soap a chance! (wash hands, 2012) is a slogan used by NHS in the I-JK, a world eading country in terms of health. Awareness of young people associated with scientific knowledge and prevention actions would be a great sanitary improve and could lead toa rie in the life expectancy rise. According to the previous sayings, we can say that life expectancy could be well improved by working on how to manage the budget to improve the sanitary system, and improving the educational system that will in a way rise the awareness of people concerning health care and science. Even if we focused on two aspects of low life expectancy solutions, we should mention that famine, war and natural disasters are lso issues that governments should work on. http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/rankorderguide.html http://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/ http://www.who.int/hac/crises/ago/background/Angola_Dec05.pdf http://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/

An Army of One: Me Essay -- Analysis, Jean Twenge

The way the mind works is through a set of processes, which are steps that must be taken in order for the function it is producing to be accomplished successfully. These processes are related to those that society must be willing to take in order to achieve a desired goal, otherwise known as the ‘struggle’. Younger generations, called Generation Me, develop narcissist views that did not allow for the ‘struggle’ to be considered in their generation. The basis for this mindset is introduced by author Jean Twenge in her essay, â€Å"An Army of One: Me†, as she described the gap that occurred between Baby Boomer parents and their GenMe children. This communication was severed because GenMe was taught that their ideas are the best, and therefore not debatable. This translates to differences in opinion and results in individualism. When those individuals do not work together, as demonstrated by Deborah Tannen, author of â€Å"The Roots of Debate in Educati on and The Hope of Dialogue†, they tend to have a weak sense of debate because they stick up for themselves. As a diagnosis to this problem of disconnectedness, Nicholas Carr, author of â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† decides that our society has begun to skip steps in the process of learning and in particular, the ‘struggle’ that produces the desired outcome. The disconnectedness that has developed in society has caused the loss of real learning, and the problem based on the generation gap introduced by Twenge altered the struggle that is necessary to accomplish, which Tannen believes in and where Carr determines real learning can occur. In order for us to fully understand why we cannot achieve real learning one must understand the roots as well as the problem. Twenge talks about the problem ... ...lting in na less beneficial result, for it it only harms not only ourselves but our society as a whole. Twenge, Tannen, and Carr are all explaining and alluding to the fact that we are not being productive and constructive as a society, and that we are not working together as one. There is a great need for a change in the way that our society works, starting with a change in the teaching of children and even adults about the true meaning of self and how society can develop connectedness by working together. Once society can act for themselves and can learn to listen to others, there must then be a change in the way that learning is promoted, and most importantly a society as a whole must be the one to encourage real learning. Social connectedness is a vital component in mediating real learning, and it is one that our society has to work for in order to achieve.

Poetry Speech Essay

Good morning everyone, thank you fellow poetry lovers, for taking the time out of your Sunday afternoon to come and show your appreciation for fine Australian poetry. The two poems that I would like to share with you today in relation to Multicultural Australia are Fourteen Poor men, by Mary Gilmore, and Migrants by Margarret Scott in regards to multicultural Australia. I have a great love for not only these poems, but the poets also. Both Scott and Gilmore played a significant role in contemporary Australian poetry. Gilmore especially, she was a truly amazing woman and is one of the great  figures of Australian social history and literature. I have already mentioned that I have a great love for both of these poems, and you are probably wondering what is so special about them? Time for me to help you see why they are so amazing. Both of these poems are telling the audience a story of personal experience. However, the poets use different poetic structures to convey their message. Fourteen Poor Men is written as a lyrical, where as Migrants is written in ballad form. Let me briefly shed some light onto each of the poets, and their backgrounds, which might help you all to have more of an  understanding into some of the impacts on their writing. So first of all, let’s start with Mary Gilmore. I could talk about this woman for days, because she did so many amazing things in her life. I guess that the quickest way that I can get across to you just how much she did, is by telling you about her column in the Australian Worker, which she remained editor of the Women’s page from 1908 right up until 1931. Through her column, Gilmore campaigned for many different social and economic reforms, such as the women’s vote, child endowment, the relief of the poor, old age and invalid pensions and the just treatment of Aborigines. Now moving onto to Margaret Scott. The basic background behind Scott, is that she migrated over to live in Tasmania, from Bristol in the UK. Now that you have an extremely brief idea of each of the cultural aspect behind each author, I will now move onto the part that you are all here for. The poems. Firstly, I am going to deconstruct the more gritty of the two, Migrants. The title is a bit of a spoiler, and basically describes what the poem is obviously about, migration from the UK, to Australia. A poetic technique that is repeatedly used in this poem, is personification. It is used quite a bit in the first stanza.  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe liner’s arid gaiety, thirsting For roots and cover, hungry for the solid fare’. The reason that Scott does this is to try and convey to the audience that on her journey over from the UK, she is seeming to notice the way that everything around her is feeling or acting, yet in the first stanza, she doesn’t really say how she is feeling much at all. She lets the audience know of her personal fear in stanza 2, where less 1 1 [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] Kyah Fry personification is used, and more of her own emotions come through. Personification being the main poetic device in Migrants, the most  obvious technique in Fourteen Poor Men is allusion. The reason for this, is because you, the audience, are required to have a basic knowledge of Australian history, to be able to deconstruct, and make sense of this poem. Once you pick up that the main technique used in this poem is allusion, you can look at the poem in a different light altogether. If you read into the poem deep enough, you could argue that the reason Gilmore used this technique so much (Need a better word choice for ‘so much’), is because she wants the reader to understand that you must have some sort of knowledge of your  own countries historical events and what has scoupled us into the country and society that we are today, to be able to even remotely understand someone else’s culture. Once again, thank you all so much for taking time out of your Sunday afternoon to come and learn more about fine Australian poetry. I hope that I have given you an insight into the poems that I discussed today, in regards to Multicultural Australia, and how is has progressed. I hope that I have been able to confirm your love for Australian poetry, and made you even more passionate. Have a great afternoon everyone, and feel free to ask me questions after the meeting.   

Nursing Dilemmas Essay

There is a set of regulations or guidelines that guide the behavior of nurses in a clinical set up. These are responsibilities towards the patients and other workers in the organization. One of the clinical dilemmas encountered when genetic test made on a case reveal a high risk of development of a medical challenge such as breast cancer. The indecisiveness comes in when as a nurse is deciding on how to handle the situation and how to break the news the patient. Some nurses and physicians will recommend regular screening and, on the other hand, others will propose surgical interventions. There will be a set of uncertainties but using the Ustaal’s nine steps of coming to a moral decision will help solve the situation. Identifying the dilemma is the first step toward realization of the best decision. It involves determining the type of a dilemma whether clinical or legal (Davis, 2010). Identifying the potential outcomes of a decision made will enable one to know the best option that will have least effects on the patient. The nurse should be able to guide the patient on the implication of either having regular checks or taking a breast surgery. By reviewing the ethical codes guiding that kind of a situation, will be helpful in following the clearest moral code. A nurse is also supposed to consider various actions that can be taken towards the situation and decide the most appropriate way to communicate them to the client. It is vital to list the possible consequences of choosing a particular course of direction towards solving the experienced dilemma and as a registered nurse one will have the best knowledge on what path to follow. Finally, a nurse will chose the best course of action, involve the patient in the decision through soliciting clients inputs in the decision and eventually, the implementation of the strategy will take place. Works Cited Davis, A. (2010). Ethical Dilemmas & Nursing Practice. USA: Julie Alexander Publishers.

After The Holocaust essays

After The Holocaust essays This research paper documents and explains the triumphant cultural and political revitalization of a victimized Europe, while combining additional details on the specifics of the liberation and the daily life of the displaced persons, particularly Jews, in post-World War II DP camp. Never before has an event in history been as tragic and as catastrophic as the Holocaust of Eastern Europe in the early 1940s. It is generally believed that a total of twelve million people were murdered by the Nazi regime, including political opponents, Gypsies, the mentally ill, homosexuals, and other "undesirables." An estimated six of the seven million Jews of Europe were killed just because they were Jewish. For the first time in history, an entire people were targeted for annihilation by a government. The Nazi state systematically implemented a plan to destroy all Jews simply because they existed. The destruction of European Jewry stands as the archetype of genocide in human history. Not all of the Jews in Europe were murdered in the Holocaust. After the fall of the Third Reich, Europe was war-torn shambles. Hundreds of thousands of people were homeless and seeking a new life. These were known at the time as "displaced persons." Among them were several hundred thousand Jews who had either survived the horrors of the concentration camps or escaped the Nazis altogether. The approximately 50,000 liberated Jews were part of some 8 million Displaced Persons who lived in occupied Germany and Austria shortly after the end of the war. The 50,000 Jews shared with these 8 million the fate of being driven from their home by the war. Now, the policy of the Allied occupation forces was intended to return all the DPs to their countries of origin as soon as possible, which pleased most non-Jewish Displaced Persons, who had been driven out of their homelands by force. By May 1946, 88 percent, that is almost 6 million Displaced Pe...

APA Guide

APA Guide Plagiarism can be a pricey mistake, costing money, hassle, and jeopardizing your career. You want to make sure that you are properly using modern standards for documenting your sources as you write. Luckily, the APA Guide provides plenty of helpful guidelines for documenting your sources. The Price of Plagiarism The consequences of plagiarism can be dire. Even if you dont intend to plagiarize another persons work, you can put your career in jeopardy with a single mistake. You can face law suits, expulsion, and the publication of your paper can be declined, if any small part of your paper is considered plagiarized. The APA Guide to Citation The APA Guide helps you avoid these situations by properly citing works that you reference. Whether youre writing a business report or preparing an academic paper, you can use the APA Guide to properly credit your sources. Because of its easy parenthetical citation format, you can quickly insert your credits in a matter of seconds. When to Make Citations You must cite sources for any text you are summarizing, quoting verbatim, and for any idea or theory which is not your own. For instance, if you are citing Klauswitzs theory on the fog of war, you will need to quote his text (or a secondary source) in order to use that phrase in your paper. Even if you are quoting a source with which you do not agree, you still always need to include a citation for the quotation you wish to refute.

King Philip VI of France

King Philip VI of France King Philip VI  was also known as: in French,  Philippe de Valois King Philip VI was known for: Being  the first French king of the Valois dynasty. His reign saw the beginning of the Hundred Years War and the arrival of the Black Death. Occupations: King Places of Residence and Influence: France Important Dates: Born:  1293Crowned:  May 27, 1328Died:  , 1350 About King Philip VI: Philip was a cousin to kings: Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV were the last of the direct line of Capetian kings. When Charles IV died in 1328, Philip became regent until Charles widow gave birth to what was expected to be the next king. The child was female and, Philip claimed, was therefore ineligible to rule under Salic Law. The only other male claimaint was Englands Edward III, whose mother was the late kings sister and who, due to the same restrictions of Salic Law regarding females, was also barred from succession. So, in May of 1328, Philip of Valois became King Philip VI of France. In August of that year, the count of Flanders appealed to Philip for help in putting down a revolt. The king responded by sending his knights to slaughter thousands at the Battle of Cassel. Not long after that, Robert of Artois, who had helped Philip secure the crown, claimed the countship of Artois; but a royal claimant did so, as well. Philip instituted judicial proceedings against Robert, turning his one-time supporter into a bitter enemy. It wasnt until 1334 that trouble began with England. Edward III, who didnt particularly like paying homage to Philip for his holdings in France, decided to flout Philips interpretation of Salic Law and lay claim to the French crown through his mothers line. (Edward was most likely spurred on in his animosity toward Philip by Robert of Artois.) In 1337 Edward landed on French soil, and what would later be known as the Hundred Years War began. In order to wage war Philip had to raise taxes, and in order to raise taxes he had to make concessions to the nobility, the clergy, and the bourgeoisie. This resulted in the rise of the estates and the beginning of a reform movement in the clergy. Philip also had difficulties with his council, many of whom were under the influence of the powerful Duke of Burgundy. The arrival of plague in 1348 pushed many of these problems to the background, but they were still there (along with the plague) when Philip died in 1350. More King Philip VI Resources: King Philip VI on the Web Philip VIConcise intro at Infoplease.Philippe VI de Valois (1293-1349)Very brief bio at the official website of France. The Hundred Years War Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2005-2015 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission, please   contact  Melissa Snell. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/pwho/fl/King-Philip-VI-of-France.htm